Programming Parallel Computers

Index

Material

Introduction · Why parallelism? · Programming modern CPUs · Programming modern GPUs · Course idea and prerequisites

Chapter 1: Role of parallelism

• Why do we need parallelism? · But what about performance? · After 2000 · New kind of performance · Example: a massively parallel university
• How to exploit parallelism? · Creating potential for parallelism and realizing it

Chapter 2: Case study

• Introduction · The shortcut problem · Remarks · Interface · Example
• Version 0: Baseline · Platform · Benchmark instances · Results
• Version 0: Assembly code · Seeing the assembly code · Finding the relevant place · How to interpret it · Interactive assembly
• OpenMP · About threads · OpenMP: multithreading made easy · OpenMP parallel for loops · Scheduling directives · Warning! Stay safe! · Back to our application · Results
• Version 1: Linear reading · What is the source of the problem? · But why was macOS slower? · How to fix it? · Results
• Version 1: Assembly code · Interpretation · Latencies and throughputs · Dependency chain · Interactive assembly
• Version 2: Instruction-level parallelism · Independent operations · Instruction-level parallelism is automatic · Implementation · Notes · Results
• Version 2: Assembly code · But what about vaddss and %xmm0? · Analysis · Interactive assembly
• Version 3: Vector instructions · Vector registers · Some terminology · Vector types in C++ code · Warning: proper memory alignment needed · Implementation · Results · Vectors of doubles
• Version 3: Assembly code · Comparison with V1 · Interactive assembly
• Version 4: Reuse data in registers · Opportunities for data reuse · Implementation · Results
• Version 4: Assembly code · Interactive assembly
• Version 5: More register reuse · Basic idea · Choosing the right permutations · Implementation · Results
• Version 5: Assembly code · Analysis · Interactive assembly
• Version 6: Prefetching · Implementation · Assembly code · Results
• Version 7: Better use of cache memory · Cache memory hierarchy · Improving reuse · Shorter rows · Results

Chapter 3: Multithreading with OpenMP

• Introduction · Basic multithreading construction: parallel regions · Critical sections · Shared vs. private data · Other shared resources
• OpenMP parallel for loops · It is just a shorthand
• OpenMP parallel for loops: waiting · Interaction with critical sections · No waiting before a loop
• OpenMP parallel for loops: scheduling · Dynamic loop scheduling
• Parallelizing nested loops · Challenges · Good ways to do it · Wrong way to do it, part 1 · Wrong way to do it, part 2
• Hyper-threading · Hyper-threading helps to keep the CPU busy · When it might help · When it might not help
• OpenMP memory model: manipulating shared data · Temporary view vs. memory · Memory model is an abstraction · An example · Rules of thumb · Granularity · Atomic operations
• More useful features: thread numbers and tasks · Do-it-yourself parallel for · Controlling the number of threads · Single thread only · Tasks
• Examples of useful OpenMP constructions · Divide and conquer — bottom up · Divide and conquer — top down

Chapter 4: GPU programming

• Introduction · How much performance in theory? · How much performance in practice?
• Getting started with CUDA · CUDA toolkit · Programming model · Multidimensional grids and blocks
• Version 0: Baseline · Threads and blocks · GPU side · CPU side · Results
• Version 0: OpenCL · GPU side · CPU side · Compilation and linking
• Version 1: Better memory access pattern · What does not work · Problem · Solution · Results
• Version 1: OpenCL
• Version 2: Reuse data in registers · Memory access pattern · Kernel · Kernel for padding · CPU side · Results
• Version 2: OpenCL · Results
• Version 3: Reuse data in shared memory · Shared memory · Shared memory as a cache · Memory access pattern · Implementation · Results · Are we happy now?
• Version 3: OpenCL

Lecture 1 · Lectures · Topics covered

Lecture 2 · Lectures · Topics covered · Additional recommended reading

Lecture 3 · Lectures · Topics covered · Additional material

Lecture 4 · Lectures · Topics covered · Additional material

Lecture 5 · Lectures · Topics covered

Lecture 6 · Lectures

Links to external resources · Hardware · OpenMP · SIMD · CUDA · OpenCL · Rust programming language · Low-level programming techniques

Acknowledgments · Copyright and license

Index